This indicates that Black women are having children at the same ages at which they may be enrolled in school or entering the workforce. Thirty-seven percent of Black women have a first birth between age 20 and age 24, and birth rates for Black women are highest from ages 25 to 29. Importantly, each of these theories-implicitly, and sometimes explicitly-acknowledges the potential role of systemic racism and its impact on the marriage rate of Black Americans.įertility rates for Black women have declined slightly over the past 10 years, from 70.8 births per 1,000 women in 2008 to 62.0 per 1,000 in 2018. , For instance, a lack of employment opportunities for Black men, higher workforce participation among Black women than among Black men, a lack of wage parity between Black women and Black men, and the disproportionate representation of Black men (particularly from low-income backgrounds) in the criminal justice system may result in a lack of marriageable partners (e.g., men who are perceived by women as attractive marriage prospects because of their financial or social standing). While there are many explanations for lower levels of marriage among Black women, an overwhelming number of theories focus on economics-specifically, the earning potential and availability of Black men. The percentage of Black women ever married, however, is lower than those who have cohabitated, at 37 percent. From 1987 to 2017, the rates of cohabitation among Black women ages 19 to 44 increased from 36 percent to 62 percent, a rate similar to that seen among women from other racial groups. However, institutional and structural barriers often prevent them from being able to realize these values,, , particularly for those who have low incomes. Census-for instance, an individual who identifies as Black only, as well as someone who identifies as Black and White combined or Afro-Latino.Ĭulturally, Black Americans have long highly valued romantic partnerships, marriage, and children. When referencing Black people throughout this issue brief series, we are referring to individuals who may identify as African American-those who were primarily born in America and are descended from enslaved Africans who survived the trans-Atlantic slave trade-as well as the smaller populations of people living in America who may identify as Black African or Afro-Caribbean.īlack also includes individuals who reported being Black alone or in combination with one or more races or ethnicities in their responses to the U.S. ![]() However, the historical context of an individual’s country of origin or identification may vary this, in turn, has the potential to differentially impact the experiences of Black people in the United States. Definitionsĭue to the pervasive nature of structural racism in the United States, no Black person in America (regardless of their country of origin or ancestry) is immune from the effects of racism. As of 2019, there were 2.68 million Black children from birth to age 4 in the United States. ![]() America’s racist laws and policies have long impacted Black Americans, regardless of their socioeconomic status or social standing.īlack Americans currently number about 42 million, making up about 13 percent of the total population in the United States. ![]() Virtually every facet of the lives of Black people in the United States-both adults and children-is shaped by race. These inequalities negatively impact the lives of Black people in a number of ways, including where they live the education they receive their employment and economic opportunities, access to child care, mental and physical health outcomes, and political standing and power and the way they are treated in our systems of law and justice. This inequality is built into the infrastructure of our country and has formed the foundation for structural racism-a system that privileges White people and results in intentional disadvantage for Black Americans. Black Americans’ social standing in the United States has been shaped by a long history of racism in laws, policies, and practices that has built racist institutions and created and exacerbated inequality.
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